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. The effect of aerosol loading on solar radiation and the subsequent effect onphotosynthesis is a relevant question for estimating climate feedbackmechanisms. This effect is quantified in the present study using ground-basedmeasurements from five remote sites in boreal and hemiboreal (coniferous andmixed) forests of Eurasia. The diffuse fraction of global radiationassociated with the direct effect of aerosols, i.e. excluding the effect ofclouds, increases with an increase in the aerosol loading. The increase inthe diffuse fraction of global radiation from approximately 0.11 on dayscharacterized by low aerosol loading to 0.2–0.27 on days with relativelyhigh aerosol loading leads to an increase in gross primary production (GPP)between 6 % and 14 % at all sites. The largest increase in GPP(relative to days with low aerosol loading) is observed for two types ofecosystems: a coniferous forest at high latitudes and a mixed forest at themiddle latitudes. For the former ecosystem the change in GPP due to therelatively large increase in the diffuse radiation is compensated for by themoderate increase in the light use efficiency. For the latter ecosystem, theincrease in the diffuse radiation is smaller for the same aerosol loading,but the smaller change in GPP due to this relationship between radiation andaerosol loading is compensated for by the higher increase in the light useefficiency. The dependence of GPP on the diffuse fraction of solar radiationhas a weakly pronounced maximum related to clouds.

Direct effect of aerosols on solar radiation and gross primary production in boreal and hemiboreal forests