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Abstract. Nitrogen oxides ( NO x ≡ NO + NO 2 ) in theupper troposphere (UT) have a large impact on global tropospheric ozone andOH (the main atmospheric oxidant). New cloud-sliced observations of UT NO2 at 450–280 hPa ( ∼6 –9 km) from the OzoneMonitoring Instrument (OMI) produced by NASA and the Royal NetherlandsMeteorological Institute (KNMI) provide global coverage to test ourunderstanding of the factors controlling UT NOx . We findthat these products offer useful information when averaged over coarse scales( 20 ∘ × 32 ∘ , seasonal), and that the NASA product ismore consistent with aircraft observations of UT NO2 . Correlationwith Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and Optical Transient Detector (OTD)satellite observations of lightning flash frequencies suggeststhat lightning is the dominant source of NOx to the uppertroposphere except for extratropical latitudes in winter. The NO2 background in the absence of lightning is 10–20 pptv. We infer a globalmean NOx yield of 280±80  moles per lightning flash,with no significant difference between the tropics and midlatitudes, and aglobal lightning NOx source of 5.9±1.7  Tg N a −1 . There is indication that the NOx yield per flash increases with lightning flash footprint and with flashenergy.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Nitrogen oxides in the global upper troposphere: interpreting cloud-sliced NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; observations from the OMI satellite instrument