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Abstract. We present a direct Lagrangian simulation that computes key warm-rainprocesses in a vertically developing cloud, including cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) activation, condensational growth, collisional growth, and dropletgravitational settling. This simulation, which tracks the motion and growthof individual particles, is applied to a kinematic simulation of anextremely vertically elongated quasi-one-dimensional domain, after which theresults are compared with those obtained from a spectral-bin model, whichadopts the conventional Eulerian framework. The comparison results, whichconfirm good bulk statistical agreement between the Lagrangian andconventional spectral-bin simulations, also show that the Lagrangiansimulation is free from the numerical diffusion found in the spectral-binsimulation. After analyzing the Lagrangian statistics of the surfaceraindrops that reach the ground surface, back-trajectory scrutiny revealsthat the Lagrangian statistics of surface raindrops contains the informationabout the sky where the raindrops grow like the shape does for snow crystals.

Direct Lagrangian tracking simulation of droplet growth in vertically developing cloud