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. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) measurements from the Ozone MonitoringInstrument (OMI) satellite sensor have been used to detect emissions fromlarge point sources. Emissions from over 400 sources have been quantifiedindividually based on OMI observations, accounting for about a half of totalreported anthropogenic SO2 emissions. Here we report a newlydeveloped emission inventory, OMI-HTAP, by combining these OMI-based emissionestimates and the conventional bottom-up inventory, HTAP, for smaller sourcesthat OMI is not able to detect. OMI-HTAP includes emissions from OMI-detectedsources that are not captured in previous leading bottom-up inventories,enabling more accurate emission estimates for regions with such missingsources. In addition, our approach offers the possibility of rapid updates toemissions from large point sources that can be detected by satellites. Ourmethodology applied to OMI-HTAP can also be used to merge improvedsatellite-derived estimates with other multi-year bottom-up inventories,which may further improve the accuracy of the emission trends. OMI-HTAPSO2 emissions estimates for Persian Gulf, Mexico, and Russia are59 %, 65 %, and 56 % larger than HTAP estimates in2010, respectively. We have evaluated the OMI-HTAP inventory by performing simulationswith the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model. The GEOS-5simulated SO2 concentrations driven by both HTAP and OMI-HTAP werecompared against in situ measurements. We focus for the validation on2010 for which HTAP is most valid and for which a relatively large number ofin situ measurements are available. Results show that the OMI-HTAP inventoryimproves the agreement between the model and observations, in particular overthe US, with the normalized mean bias decreasing from 0.41 (HTAP) to −0.03(OMI-HTAP) for 2010. Simulations with the OMI-HTAP inventory capture theworldwide major trends of large anthropogenic SO2 emissions that areobserved with OMI. Correlation coefficients of the observed and modeledsurface SO2 in 2014 increase from 0.16 (HTAP) to 0.59 (OMI-HTAP) andthe normalized mean bias dropped from 0.29 (HTAP) to 0.05 (OMI-HTAP), when weupdated 2010 HTAP emissions with 2014 OMI-HTAP emissions in the model.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

A new global anthropogenic SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emission inventory for the last decade: a mosaic of satellite-derived and bottom-up emissions