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. We estimate the overall CO2 , CH4 , and COflux from the South Coast Air Basin using an inversion that couples TotalCarbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2) observations, with the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian IntegratedTrajectory (HYSPLIT) model and the Open-source Data Inventory forAnthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC). Using TCCON data we estimate the directnet CO2 flux from the SoCAB to be104  ±  26 Tg  CO2  yr −1 for the study period ofJuly 2013–August 2016. We obtain a slightly higher estimate of120  ±  30 Tg  CO2  yr −1 using OCO-2 data. These CO2 emission estimates are on the low end of previous work. Our net CH4 (360  ±  90 Gg  CH4  yr −1 ) flux estimate isin agreement with central values from previous top-down studies going back to2010 (342–440 Gg  CH4  yr −1 ). CO emissions are estimated at487  ±  122 Gg CO yr −1 , much lower than previous top-downestimates (1440 Gg CO yr −1 ). Given the decreasing emissions of CO,this finding is not unexpected. We perform sensitivity tests to estimate howmuch errors in the prior, errors in the covariance, different inversionschemes, or a coarser dynamical model influence the emission estimates.Overall, the uncertainty is estimated to be 25 %, with the largestcontribution from the dynamical model. Lessons learned here may help infuture inversions of satellite data over urban areas.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Southern California megacity CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, and CO flux estimates using ground- and space-based remote sensing and a Lagrangian model