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. This study uses airborne data from two field campaigns off the Californiacoast to characterize aerosol size distribution characteristics in theentrainment interface layer (EIL), a thin and turbulent layer above marinestratocumulus cloud tops, which separates the stratocumulus-topped boundarylayer (STBL) from the free troposphere (FT). The vertical bounds of the EILare defined in this work based on considerations of buoyancy and turbulenceusing thermodynamic and dynamic data. Aerosol number concentrations areexamined from three different probes with varying particle diameter( Dp) ranges: > 3 nm, > 10 nm, and0.11–3.4  µ m. Relative to the EIL and FT layers, the sub-cloud(SUB) layer exhibited lower aerosol number concentrations and higher surfacearea concentrations. High particle number concentrations between 3 and 10 nmin the EIL are indicative of enhanced nucleation, assisted by high actinicfluxes, cool and moist air, and much lower surface area concentrations thanthe STBL. Slopes of number concentration versus altitude in the EIL werecorrelated with the particle number concentration difference between the SUBand lower FT layers. The EIL aerosol size distribution was influenced byvarying degrees from STBL aerosol versus subsiding FT aerosol depending onthe case examined. These results emphasize the important role of the EIL ininfluencing nucleation and aerosol–cloud–climate interactions.

Aerosol characteristics in the entrainment interface layer in relation to the marine boundary layer and free troposphere