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. The seasonal evolution of O3 and its photochemicalproduction regime in a polluted region of eastern China between 2014 and 2017has been investigated using observations. We used tropospheric ozone( O3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and formaldehyde (HCHO, a marker of VOCs(volatile organic compounds)) partial columns derived from high-resolutionFourier transform spectrometry (FTS); tropospheric nitrogen dioxide( NO2 , a marker of NOx (nitrogen oxides)) partialcolumn deduced from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI); surface meteorologicaldata; and a back trajectory cluster analysis technique. A broad O3 maximum during both spring and summer (MAM/JJA) is observed; the day-to-dayvariations in MAM/JJA are generally larger than those in autumn and winter(SON/DJF). Tropospheric O3 columns in June are 1.55×1018  molecules cm −2 (56 DU (Dobson units)), and in December they are 1.05×1018  molecules cm −2 (39 DU). Tropospheric O3 columns in June were ∼50  % higher than those in December. Comparedwith the SON/DJF season, the observed tropospheric O3 levels in MAM/JJAare more influenced by the transport of air masses from densely populated andindustrialized areas, and the high O3 level and variability inMAM/JJA is determined by the photochemical O3 production. Thetropospheric-column HCHO∕NO2 ratio is used as a proxy toinvestigate the photochemical O3 production rate ( PO3 ).The results show that the PO3 is mainly nitrogen oxide ( NOx ) limited in MAM/JJA, while it is mainly VOC or mixed VOC– NOx limited in SON/DJF. Statistics show that NOx -limited, mixed VOC– NOx -limited, and VOC-limited PO3 accounts for 60.1 %, 28.7 %, and 11 % of days,respectively. Considering most of PO3 is NOx limited or mixed VOC– NOx limited, reductions in NOx would reduce O3 pollution in eastern China.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Ozone seasonal evolution and photochemical production regime in the polluted troposphere in eastern China derived from high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometry (FTS) observations