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. Water uptake can significantly increase the size and therefore alters theoptical properties of aerosols. In this study, the regional-scale modelframework COSMO-ART is applied to southern West Africa (SWA) for a summermonsoon process study on 2–3 and 6–7 July 2016. The high moisture andaerosol burden in the monsoon layer makes SWA favorable to quantifyproperties that determine the aerosol liquid water content and its impact onradiative transfer. Given the marked diurnal cycle in SWA, the analysis isseparated into three characteristic phases: (a) the Atlantic inflowprogression phase (15:00–02:00 UTC), when winds from the Gulf of Guinea acceleratein the less turbulent evening and nighttime boundary layer, (b) the moistmorning phase (03:00–08:00 UTC), when the passage of the Atlantic inflow frontleads to overall cool and moist conditions over land, and (c) the daytimedrying phase (09:00–15:00 UTC), in which the Atlantic inflow front reestablisheswith the inland heating initiated after sunrise. This diurnal cycle also impacts,via relative humidity, the aerosol liquid water content. We analyzedthe impact of relative humidity and clouds on the aerosol liquid watercontent. As shown by other studies, accumulation-mode particles are thedominant contributor of aerosol liquid water. We find aerosol growth factorsof 2 (4) for submicron (coarse-mode) particles, leading to a substantialincrease in mean aerosol optical depth from 0.2 to 0.7. Considering theaerosol liquid water content leads to a decrease in shortwave radiation ofabout 20 W m −2 , while longwave effects appear to be insignificant,especially during nighttime. The estimated relationships between total columnaerosol liquid water and radiation are - 305 ± 39  W g −1 (shortwavein-cloud), - 114 ± 42  W g −1 (shortwave off-cloud) and about −10  W g −1 (longwave). The results highlight the need to consider the relativehumidity dependency of aerosol optical depth in atmospheric models,particularly in moist tropical environments where their effect on radiationcan be very large.

Aerosol liquid water content in the moist southern West African monsoon layer and its radiative impact