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. The air quality of the Texas Gulf Coast region historically has beeninfluenced heavily by regional shipping emissions. However, the effects ofthe recently established North American Emissions Control Area on aerosolconcentrations and properties in this region are presently unknown. In orderto better understand the current sources and processing mechanismsinfluencing coastal aerosol near Houston, a high-resolution time-of-flightaerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed for 3 weeks at acoastal location during May–June 2016. Total mass loadings of organic andinorganic non-refractory aerosol components during onshore flow periods weresimilar to those published before establishment of the regulations. Based onestimated methanesulfonic acid (MSA) mass loadings and published biogenicMSA / non-sea-salt sulfate (nss- SO4 ) ratios, an average of over 75 %of the observed nss- SO4 was from anthropogenic sources, predominantlyshipping emissions. Mass spectral analysis indicated that for periods withsimilar backward-trajectory-averaged meteorological conditions, air massesinfluenced by shipping emissions had an increased mass fraction of ionsrelated to carboxylic acids and larger oxygen-to-carbon ratios than thosethat avoided shipping lanes, suggesting that shipping emissions increasemarine organic aerosol (OA) oxidation state. Amine fragment mass loadingswere correlated positively with anthropogenic nss- SO4 during onshoreflow, implying anthropogenic–biogenic interaction in marine OA production.Model calculations also suggest that advection of shipping-derived aerosolmay enhance inland aqueous-phase secondary OA production. These results implya continuing role of shipping emissions on aerosol properties over the Gulfof Mexico and suggest that further regulation of shipping fuel sulfur contentwill reduce coastal submicron aerosol mass loadings near Houston.

The impacts of regional shipping emissions on the chemical characteristics of coastal submicron aerosols near Houston, TX