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Abstract. Ice surface properties can modify the scattering properties of atmosphericice crystals and therefore affect the radiative properties of mixed-phase andcirrus clouds. The Ice Roughness Investigation System (IRIS) is a newlaboratory setup designed to investigate the conditions under which roughnessdevelops on single ice crystals, based on their size, morphology and growthconditions (relative humidity and temperature). Ice roughness is quantifiedthrough the analysis of speckle in 2-D light-scattering patterns.Characterization of the setup shows that a supersaturation of 20 % withrespect to ice and a temperature at the sample position as low as −40 ∘C could be achieved within IRIS. Investigations of the influenceof humidity show that higher supersaturations with respect to ice lead toenhanced roughness and irregularities of ice crystal surfaces. Moreover,relative humidity oscillations lead to gradual “ratcheting-up” ofroughness and irregularities, as the crystals undergo repeatedgrowth–sublimation cycles. This memory effect also appears to result inreduced growth rates in later cycles. Thus, growth history, as well assupersaturation and temperature, influences ice crystal growth andproperties, and future atmospheric models may benefit from its inclusion inthe cloud evolution process and allow more accurate representation of notjust roughness but crystal size too, and possibly also electrificationproperties.

Surface roughness during depositional growth and sublimation of ice crystals