English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. The black carbon (BC) deposition on the icecore at Muztagh Ata Mountain, northern Tibetan Plateau, was analyzed. Twosets of measurements were used in this study, which included the airsamplings of BC particles during 2004–2006 and the ice core drillings of BCdeposition during 1986–1994. Two numerical models were used to analyze themeasured data. A global chemical transportation model (MOZART-4) was used toanalyze the BC transport from the source regions, and a radiative transfermodel (SNICAR) was used to study the effect of BC on snow albedo. The resultsshow that during 1991–1992, there was a strong spike in the BC deposition atMuztagh Ata, suggesting that there was an unusual emission in the upwardregion during this period. This high peak of BC deposition was investigatedby using the global chemical transportation model (MOZART-4). The analysisindicated that the emissions from large Kuwait fires at the end of the firstGulf War in 1991 caused this high peak of the BC concentrations anddeposition (about 3–4 times higher than other years) at Muztagh AtaMountain, suggesting that the upward BC emissions had important impacts onthis remote site located on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Thus, there is aneed to quantitatively estimate the effect of surrounding emissions on the BCconcentrations on the northern Tibetan Plateau. In this study, asensitivity study withfour individual BC emission regions (Central Asia, Europe, the Persian Gulf,and South Asia) was conducted by using the MOZART-4 model. The resultsuggests that during the “normal period” (non-Kuwait fires), the largesteffect was due to the Central Asia source (44 %) during the Indianmonsoon period, while during the non-monsoon period, the largest effect wasdue to the South Asia source (34 %). The increase in radiative forcingincrease (RFI) due to the deposition of BC on snow was estimated by using theradiative transfer model (SNICAR). The results show that under the fresh snowassumption, the estimated increase in RFI ranged from 0.2 to2.5 W m −2 , while under the aged snow assumption, the estimatedincrease in RFI ranged from 0.9 to 5.7 W m −2 . During the Kuwait firesperiod, the RFI values increased about 2–5 times higher than in the “normalperiod”, suggesting a significant increase for the snow melting on thenorthern Tibetan Plateau due to this fire event. This result suggests thatthe variability of BC deposition at Muztagh Ata Mountain provides usefulinformation to study the effect of the upward BC emissions on environmentaland climate issues in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The radiative effect ofBC deposition on the snow melting provides important information regardingthe water resources in the region.

Black carbon (BC) in a northern Tibetan mountain: effect of Kuwait fires on glaciers