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Abstract. With the rising anthropogenic emissions from human activities, elevatedconcentrations of air pollutants have been detected in the hemispheric airflows in recent years, aggravating the regional air pollution and depositionissues. However, the regional contributions of hemispheric air flows todeposition have been given little attention in the literature. In this light,we assess the impact of hemispheric transport on sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N)deposition for six world regions: North America (NA), Europe (EU), South Asia(SA), East Asia (EA), Middle East (ME) and Russia (RU) in 2010, by using themulti-model ensemble results from the 2nd phase of the Task Force HemisphericTransport of Air Pollution (HTAP II) with 20 % emission perturbationexperiments. About 27 %–58 %, 26 %–46 % and12 %–23 % of local S, NOx and NH3 emissions andoxidation products are transported and removed by deposition outside of thesource regions annually, with seasonal variation of 5 % more in winterand 5 % less in summer. The 20 % emission reduction in the sourceregions could affect 1 %–10 % of deposition in foreign continentalregions and 1 %–14 % in foreign coastal regions and the open ocean.Significant influences are found from NA to the North Atlantic Ocean(2 %–14 %), and from EA to the North Pacific Ocean(4 %–10 %) and to western NA (4 %–6 %) (20 % emissionreduction). The impact on deposition caused by short-distance transportbetween neighboring regions (i.e., from EU to RU) occurs throughout the wholeyear (slightly stronger in winter), while the long-range transport (i.e.,from EA to NA) mainly takes place in spring and fall, which is consistentwith the seasonality found for hemispheric transport of air pollutants.Deposition in the emission-intensive regions such as US, SA and EA isdominated ( ∼80  %) by own-region emissions, while deposition in thelow-emission-intensity regions such as RU is almost equally affected byforeign exported emissions (40 %–60 %) and own-region emissions. Wealso find that deposition of the coastal regions or the near-coastal openocean is twice more sensitive to hemispheric transport than the non-coastalcontinental regions, especially for regions in the downwind direction ofemission sources (i.e., west coast of NA). This study highlights thesignificant impacts of hemispheric transport of air pollution on thedeposition in coastal regions, the open ocean and low-emission-intensityregions. Further research is proposed to improve the ecosystem and humanhealth, with regards to the enhanced hemispheric air flows.

Source contributions to sulfur and nitrogen deposition – an HTAP II multi-model study on hemispheric transport