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. Tropospheric ozone (O3) has replaced PM2.5 or PM10 as theprimary pollutant in the North China Plain (NCP) during summer in recentyears. A comprehensive understanding of O3 production in responseto the reduction of precursor emissions over the NCP is urgently demanded foreffective control policy design. In this study, the air quality modelingsystem RAMS-CMAQ (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System–Community MultiscaleAir Quality), coupled with the ISAM (Integrated Source Apportionment Method)module is applied to investigate the O3 regional transport and sourcecontribution features during a heavy O3 pollution episode in June 2015over the NCP. The results show that emissions sources in Shandong and Hebeiwere the major contributors to O3 production in the NCP. Not only thehighest local contribution of O3 mass burden but also more than 30 %contribution of O3 mass burdens in Beijing and Tianjin came fromthe emissions sources in these two provinces, respectively. Conversely,the urban areas and most O3-polluted regions of the NCP were mainlydominated by conditions sensitive to volatile organic compounds, while “both control” andNOx-sensitive conditions dominated the suburban and remote areas,respectively. Then, based on the sensitivity tests, the effects of severalhypothetical scenarios of emissions control on reducing the O3 pollutionwere compared and discussed. The results indicated that the emissions controlof industry and residential sectors was the most efficient method if theemissions reduction percentage was higher than 40 %. However, when theemissions reduction percentage dropped below 30 %, the power plant sectorcould make significant contributions to the decrease in O3. The controlstrategies should be promptly adjusted based on the emissions reduction, andthe modeling system can provide valuable information for precisely choosingthe emissions sector combination to achieve better efficiency.

Modeling study of impacts on surface ozone of regional transport and emissions reductions over North China Plain in summer 2015