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Abstract. This study assesses the global distribution of mean atmospheric ice mass fromcurrent state-of-the-art estimates and its variability on daily and seasonaltimescales. Ice water path (IWP) retrievals from active and passive satelliteplatforms are analysed and comparedwith estimates from two reanalysis data sets, ERA5 (European Centre forMedium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5, ECMWF) and MERRA-2 (Modern-EraRetrospective Analysis for Research and Applications 2). Large discrepanciesin IWP exist between the satellite data sets themselves, making validation ofthe model results problematic and indicating that progress towards aconsensus on the distribution of atmospheric ice has been limited. Comparingthe data sets, zonal means of IWP exhibit similar shapes but differingmagnitudes, with large IWP values causing much of the difference in means.Diurnal analysis centred on A-Train overpasses shows similar structures insome regions, but the degree and sign of the variability varies widely; thereanalyses exhibit noisier and higher-amplitude diurnal variability thanborne out by the satellite estimates. Spatial structures governed by theatmospheric general circulation are fairly consistent across the data sets,as principal component analysis shows that the patterns of seasonalvariability line up well between the data sets but disagree in severity.These results underscore the limitations of the current Earth observingsystem with respect to atmospheric ice, as the level of consensus betweenobservations is mixed. The large-scale variability of IWP is relativelyconsistent, whereas disagreements on diurnal variability and global meanspoint to varying microphysical assumptions in retrievals and models alikethat seem to underlie the biggest differences.

An update on global atmospheric ice estimates from satellite observations and reanalyses