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. Persistent organic pollutants that have accumulated in soils can beremobilised by volatilisation in response to chemical equilibrium with theatmosphere. Clean air masses from the Indian Ocean, advected with the onsetof the summer monsoon, are found to reduce concentrations ofhexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and itsderivatives, endosulfan and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air at amountain site (all in the range 5–20 pg m −3) by 77 %, 70 %, 82 % and 45 %,respectively. The analysis of fugacities in soil and air suggest that thearrival of summer monsoon triggers net volatilisation or enhances ongoingrevolatilisation of the now-banned chemicals HCH and PCBs frombackground soils in southern India. The response of the air–soil exchange wasmodelled using a regional air pollution model, WRF-Chem PAH/POP. The resultssuggest that the air is increasingly polluted during transport by thesouth-westerly monsoon winds across the subcontinent. Using a multidecadalmultimedia mass balance model, it is found that air–surface exchange of HCHand DDT have declined since the ban of these substances from agriculture, butremobilisation of higher chlorinated PCBs may have reached a historicalhigh, 40 years after peak emission.

Revolatilisation of soil-accumulated pollutants triggered by the summer monsoon in India