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. The first phase of the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom-1) took place inJuly–August 2016 and included flights above the remote Pacific and Atlanticoceans. Sampling of atmospheric constituents during these flights is designedto provide new insights into the chemical reactivity and processes of theremote atmosphere and how these processes are affected by anthropogenicemissions. Model simulations provide a valuable tool for interpreting thesemeasurements and understanding the origin of the observed trace gases andaerosols, so it is important to quantify model performance. Goddard EarthObserving System Model version 5 (GEOS-5) forecasts and analyses showconsiderable skill in predicting and simulating the CO distributionand the timing of CO enhancements observed during the ATom-1 aircraftmission. We use GEOS-5's tagged tracers for CO to assess thecontribution of different emission sources to the regions sampled by ATom-1to elucidate the dominant anthropogenic influences on different parts of theremote atmosphere. We find a dominant contribution from non-biomass-burningsources along the ATom transects except over the tropical Atlantic, whereAfrican biomass burning makes a large contribution to the CO concentration. One of the goals of ATom is to provide a chemical climatologyover the oceans, so it is important to consider whether August 2016 wasrepresentative of typical boreal summer conditions. Using satelliteobservations of 700 hPa and column CO from the Measurement ofPollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, 215 hPa  CO fromthe Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and aerosol optical thickness from theModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we find that CO concentrations and aerosol optical thickness in August 2016 were within theobserved range of the satellite observations but below the decadal median formany of the regions sampled. This suggests that the ATom-1 measurements mayrepresent relatively clean but not exceptional conditions forlower-tropospheric CO .

Forecasting carbon monoxide on a global scale for the ATom-1 aircraft mission: insights from airborne and satellite observations and modeling