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China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part byanthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr). Atmospheric ammonia(NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most important precursorsfor Nr compounds (including N2O5, HNO3, HONO and particulateNO3− and NH4+) in the atmosphere. Understanding the changesin NH3 and NO2 has important implications for the regulation ofanthropogenic Nr emissions and is a requirement for assessing theconsequence of environmental impacts. We conducted the temporal trendanalysis of atmospheric NH3 and NO2 on a national scale since 1980based on emission data (during 1980–2010), satellite observation (forNH3 since 2008 and for NO2 since 2005) and atmospheric chemistrytransport modeling (during 2008–2015). Based on the emission data, during 1980–2010, significant continuousincreasing trends in both NH3 and NOx were observed in REAS (RegionalEmission inventory in Asia, for NH3 0.17 andfor NOx 0.16 kg N ha−1 yr−2) and EDGAR (Emissions Database forGlobal Atmospheric Research, for NH3 0.24 andfor NOx 0.17 kg N ha−1 yr−2) over China. Based on thesatellite data and atmospheric chemistry transport model (CTM) MOZART-4(Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4), theNO2 columns over China increased significantly from 2005 to 2011 andthen decreased significantly from 2011 to 2015; the satellite-retrievedNH3 columns from 2008 to 2014 increased at a rate of 2.37 % yr−1.The decrease in NO2 columns since 2011 may result from more stringentstrategies taken to control NOx emissions during the 12thFive Year Plan, while no control policy has focused on NH3 emissions. Ourfindings provided an overall insight into the temporal trends of both NO2and NH3 since 1980 based on emission data, satellite observations andatmospheric transport modeling. These findings can provide a scientificbackground for policy makers that are attempting to control atmosphericpollution in China. Moreover, the multiple datasets used in this study haveimplications for estimating long-term Nr deposition datasets to assess itsimpact on soil, forest, water and greenhouse balance

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling since 1980