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Here, we present an assessment of long-term trends in O3 and odd oxygen (O3 + NO2) at the industrialMonterrey metropolitan area (MMA) in NE Mexico. Diurnal amplitudes in Ox (AVd) are used as a proxy for netO3 production, which is influenced by the NO2 photolysis rate. No significant differences in the AVdare observed between weekends and weekdays, although the largest AVd values are observed at sites downwind of industrialareas. The highest O3 mixing ratios are observed in spring, with minimum values in winter. The largest annualvariations in O3 are typically observed downwind of the MMA, with the lowest variations generally recorded in highlypopulated areas and close to industrial areas. A wind sector analysis of mixing ratios of O3 precursors revealed thatthe dominant sources of emissions are located in the industrial regions within the MMA and surrounding area. Significantincreasing trends in O3 in spring, summer, and autumn are observed depending on site location, with trends in annualaverages ranging between 0.19 and 0.33 ppb yr−1. Overall, from 1993 to 2014, within the MMA, O3 hasincreased at an average rate of 0.22 ppb yr−1 (p < 0. 01), which is in marked contrast with the decline of1.15 ppb yr−1 (p < 0. 001) observed in the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) for the same period. No clear trendis observed from 1996 to 2014 within the Guadalajara metropolitan area (GMA)

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Observed trends in ground-level O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in Monterrey, Mexico, during 1993–2014: comparison with Mexico City and Guadalajara