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We present a detailed evaluation of remotely sensed aerosol microphysical\udproperties obtained from an advanced, multi-wavelength high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL-2) during the 2013 NASA DISCOVER-AQ field campaign.\udVertically resolved retrievals of fine-mode aerosol number, surface-area, and\udvolume concentration as well as aerosol effective radius are compared to 108\udcollocated, airborne in situ measurement profiles in the wintertime San\udJoaquin Valley, California, and in summertime Houston, Texas. An algorithm\udfor relating the dry in situ aerosol properties to those obtained by the HSRL\udat ambient relative humidity is discussed. We show that the HSRL-2 retrievals\udof ambient fine-mode aerosol surface-area and volume concentrations agree\udwith the in situ measurements to within 25 and 10 %, respectively, once\udhygroscopic growth adjustments have been applied to the dry in situ data.\udDespite this excellent agreement for the microphysical properties, extinction\udand backscatter coefficients at ambient relative humidity derived from the in\udsitu aerosol measurements using Mie theory are consistently smaller than\udthose measured by the HSRL, with average differences of 31 ± 5 %\udand 53 ± 11 % for California and Texas, respectively. This low bias\udin the in situ estimates is attributed to the presence of coarse-mode aerosol\udthat are detected by HSRL-2 but that are too large to be well sampled by the\udin situ instrumentation. Since the retrieval of aerosol volume is most\udrelevant to current regulatory efforts targeting fine particle mass\ud(PM2. 5), these findings highlight the advantages of an advanced 3β + 2α HSRL for constraining the vertical distribution of the aerosol volume or mass loading relevant for air quality

HSRL-2 aerosol optical measurements and microphysical retrievals vs. airborne in situ measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2013: an intercomparison study