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Contrary to most regions in the US, ozone in the northern Front Range metropolitan area (NFRMA) of Colorado was either stagnant or\udincreasing between 2000 and 2015, despite substantial reductions in NOx\udemissions. We used available long-term ozone and NOx data in the NFRMA\udto investigate these trends. Ozone increased from weekdays to weekends for a\udnumber of sites in the NFRMA with weekend reductions in NO2 at two\udsites in downtown Denver, indicating that the region was in a\udNOx-saturated ozone production regime. The stagnation and increases in\udozone in the NFRMA are likely due to a combination of decreasing NOx\udemissions in a NOx-saturated environment and increased anthropogenic\udvolatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the NFRMA. Further investigation of the weekend–weekday\udeffect showed that the region outside of the most heavily trafficked Denver\udarea was transitioning to peak ozone production towards NOx-limited\udchemistry. This transition implies that continued NOx decreases will\udresult in ozone being less sensitive to changes in either anthropogenic or\udbiogenic VOC reactivity in the NFRMA. In contrast to anthropogenic VOCs,\udbiogenic VOCs are unlikely to have increased in the NFRMA between 2000 and\ud2015, but are temperature dependent and likely vary by drought year. Ozone\udin the NFRMA has a temperature dependence, albeit smaller than many other\udUS locations, consistent with biogenic VOC contributions to ozone\udproduction in the region. We show that while ozone increased with\udtemperature in the NFRMA, which is consistent with a NOx-saturated\udregime coupled to temperature-dependent VOCs, this relationship is\udsuppressed in drought years. We attribute this drought year suppression to\uddecreased biogenic isoprene emissions due to long-term drought stress. Thus,\udwhile anthropogenic NOx and VOCs likely dominate ozone production\udregimes in the NFRMA, biogenic VOCs may also impact regional ozone and its\udtemperature dependence

Summer ozone in the northern Front Range metropolitan area: weekend–weekday effects, temperature dependences, and the impact of drought