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Aerosol-induced increase of relative dispersion of cloud dropletsize distribution ε exerts a warming effect and partly offsetsthe cooling of aerosol indirect radiative forcing (AIF) associated withincreased droplet concentration by increasing the cloud droplet effectiveradius (Re) and enhancing the cloud-to-rain autoconversion rate(Au) (labeled as the dispersion effect), which can help reconcile global climatemodels (GCMs) with the satellite observations. However, the total dispersioneffects on both Re and Au are not fully considered in most GCMs,especially in different versions of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM). Inorder to accurately evaluate the dispersion effect on AIF, the new completecloud parameterizations of Re and Au explicitly accounting forε are implemented into the CAM version 5.1 (CAM5.1), and a suiteof sensitivity experiments is conducted with different representations ofε reported in the literature. It is shown that the shortwave cloudradiative forcing is much better simulated with the new cloudparameterizations as compared to the standard scheme in CAM5.1, whereas theinfluences on longwave cloud radiative forcing and surface precipitation areminimal. Additionally, consideration of the dispersion effect can significantlyreduce the changes induced by anthropogenic aerosols in the cloud-topeffective radius and the liquid water path, especially in the NorthernHemisphere. The corresponding AIF with the dispersion effect considered can alsobe reduced substantially by a range of 0.10 to 0.21 W m−2 at the global scaleand by a much bigger margin of 0.25 to 0.39 W m−2 for theNorthern Hemisphere in comparison with that of fixed relative dispersion, mainlydependent on the change of relative dispersion and droplet concentrations(Δε∕ΔNc)

Sensitivity study of cloud parameterizations with relative dispersion in CAM5.1: impacts on aerosol indirect effects