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The importance of wind-blown mineral dust for cloud droplet formation isstudied by considering (i) the adsorption of water on the surface of insolubleparticles, (ii) particle coating by soluble material (atmospheric aging)which augments cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity, and (iii) the effect ofdust on inorganic aerosol concentrations through thermodynamic interactionswith mineral cations. The ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model isused to simulate the composition of global atmospheric aerosol, while theISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model treats the interactions ofK+-Ca2+-Mg2+-NH4+-Na+-SO42−-NO3−-Cl−-H2Oaerosol with gas-phase inorganic constituents. Dust is considered a mixtureof inert material with reactive minerals and its emissions are calculatedonline by taking into account the soil particle size distribution andchemical composition of different deserts worldwide. The impact of dust ondroplet formation is treated through the <q>unified dust activationparameterization</q> that considers the inherent hydrophilicity fromadsorption and acquired hygroscopicity from soluble salts during aging. Oursimulations suggest that the presence of dust increases cloud droplet numberconcentration (CDNC) over major deserts (e.g., up to 20 % over the Saharaand the Taklimakan desert) and decreases CDNC over polluted areas (e.g., up to10 % over southern Europe and 20 % over northeastern Asia). This leadsto a global net decrease in CDNC by 11 %. The adsorption activation ofinsoluble aerosols and the mineral dust chemistry are shown to be equallyimportant for the cloud droplet formation over the main deserts; for example, theseeffects increase CDNC by 20 % over the Sahara. Remote from deserts theapplication of adsorption theory is critically important since the increasedwater uptake by the large aged dust particles (i.e., due to the addedhydrophilicity by the soluble coating) reduce the maximum supersaturationand thus cloud droplet formation from the relatively smaller anthropogenicparticles (e.g., CDNC decreases by 10 % over southern Europe and 20 %over northeastern Asia by applying adsorption theory). The global averageCDNC decreases by 10 % by considering adsorption activation, while changesare negligible when accounting for the mineral dust chemistry. Sensitivitysimulations indicate that CDNC is also sensitive to the mineral dust massand inherent hydrophilicity, and not to the chemical composition of theemitted dust

Global impact of mineral dust on cloud droplet number concentration