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In this study we evaluate cloud properties simulated by the CommunityAtmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) using in situ measurements from the HIAPERPole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign for the period of 2009 to 2011. Themodeled wind and temperature are nudged towards reanalysis. Model resultscollocated with HIPPO flight tracks are directly compared with theobservations, and model sensitivities to the representations of icenucleation and growth are also examined. Generally, CAM5 is able to capturespecific cloud systems in terms of vertical configuration and horizontalextension. In total, the model reproduces 79.8 % of observed cloudoccurrences inside model grid boxes and even higher (94.3 %) for iceclouds (T ≤ −40 °C). The missing cloud occurrences in the modelare primarily ascribed to the fact that the model cannot account for thehigh spatial variability of observed relative humidity (RH). Furthermore,model RH biases are mostly attributed to the discrepancies in water vapor,rather than temperature. At the micro-scale of ice clouds, the modelcaptures the observed increase of ice crystal mean sizes with temperature,albeit with smaller sizes than the observations. The model underestimatesthe observed ice number concentration (Ni) and ice water content (IWC)for ice crystals larger than 75 µm in diameter. Modeled IWC andNi are more sensitive to the threshold diameter for autoconversion ofcloud ice to snow (Dcs), while simulated ice crystal mean size is moresensitive to ice nucleation parameterizations than to Dcs. Our resultshighlight the need for further improvements to the sub-grid RH variabilityand ice nucleation and growth in the model

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Direct comparisons of ice cloud macro- and microphysical properties simulated by the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 with HIPPO aircraft observations