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The composition of fine particulate matter (PM) in twomajor Greek cities (Athens and Patras) was measured during two wintertimecampaigns, one conducted in 2013 and the other in 2012. A major goal of thisstudy is to quantify the sources of organic aerosol (OA) and especiallyresidential wood burning, which has dramatically increased due to the Greekfinancial crisis. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed at both sites. PM with diameter less than 1 µm (PM1) consisted mainly of organics (60–75 %), black carbon(5–20 %), and inorganic salts (around 20 %) in both Patras and Athens. InPatras, during evening hours, PM1 concentrations were as high as 100 µg m−3, of which 85 % was OA. In Athens, the maximumhourly value observed during nighttime was 140 µg m−3, of which120 µg m−3 was OA. Forty to 60 % of the average OA was due tobiomass burning for both cities, while the remaining mass originated fromtraffic (12–17 %), cooking (12–16 %), and long-range transport(18–24 %). The contribution of residential wood burning was even higher(80–90 %) during the nighttime peak concentration periods, and less than10 % during daytime. Cooking OA contributed up to 75 % during mealtimehours in Patras, while traffic-related OA was responsible for 60–70 % ofthe OA during the morning rush hour

The contribution of wood burning and other pollution sources to wintertime organic aerosol levels in two Greek cities