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Long-range transport followed by deposition of blackcarbon on glaciers of Tibet is one of the key issues of climate researchas it induces changes on radiative forcing and subsequently impacting the meltingof glaciers. The transport mechanism, however, is not well understood. Inthis study, we use short-lived reactive aromatics as proxies to diagnosetransport of pollutants to Tibet. In situ observations of short-livedreactive aromatics across the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed using a regionalchemistry and transport model. The model performance using the currentemission inventories over the region is poor due to problems in theinventories and model transport. Top-down emissions constrained by satelliteobservations of glyoxal are a factor of 2–6 higher than the a prioriemissions over the industrialized Indo-Gangetic Plain. Using the top-downemissions, agreement between model simulations and surface observations ofaromatics improves. We find enhancements of reactive aromatics over Tibet bya factor of 6 on average due to rapid transport from India and nearbyregions during the presence of a high-altitude cut-off low system. Ourresults suggest that the cut-off low system is a major pathway forlong-range transport of pollutants such as black carbon. The modelinganalysis reveals that even the state-of-the-science high-resolutionreanalysis cannot simulate this cut-off low system accurately, whichprobably explains in part the underestimation of black carbon depositionover Tibet in previous modeling studies. Another model deficiency ofunderestimating pollution transport from the south is due to the complexityof terrain, leading to enhanced transport. It is therefore challenging forcoarse-resolution global climate models to properly represent the effects oflong-range transport of pollutants on the Tibetan environment and thesubsequent consequence for regional climate forcing

Enhanced trans-Himalaya pollution transport to the Tibetan Plateau by cut-off low systems