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In the 2015 winter month of December, northern China witnessed the mostsevere air pollution phenomena since the 2013 winter haze events occurred.This triggered the first-ever red alert in the air pollution controlhistory of Beijing, with an instantaneous fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) concentration over 1 mg m−3.Air quality observations reveal largetemporal–spatial variations in PM2. 5 concentrations over theBeijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) area between 2014 and 2015. Compared to2014, the PM2. 5 concentrations over the area decreasedsignificantly in all months except November and December of 2015, with an increase of 36 % inDecember. Analysis shows that the PM2. 5 concentrations aresignificantly correlated with the local meteorological parameters in theJing-Jin-Ji area such as the stable conditions, relative humidity (RH), and windfield. A comparison of two month simulations (December 2014 and 2015)with the same emission data was performed to explore and quantify themeteorological impacts on the PM2. 5 over the Jing-Jin-Ji area.Observation and modeling results show that the worsening meteorologicalconditions are the main reasons behind this unusual increase of airpollutant concentrations and that the emission control measures taken during thisperiod of time have contributed to mitigate the air pollution( ∼  9 %) in the region. This work provides a scientificinsight into the emission control measures vs. the meteorology impacts for theperiod

Attributions of meteorological and emission factors to the 2015 winter severe haze pollution episodes in China's Jing-Jin-Ji area