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After 43 years of inactivity, the Calbuco volcano, which is located\udin the southern part of Chile, erupted on 22 April 2015. The space–time\udevolutions (distribution and transport) of its aerosol plume are investigated\udby combining satellite (CALIOP, IASI, OMPS), in situ aerosol counting (LOAC\udOPC) and lidar observations, and the MIMOSA advection model. The Calbuco\udaerosol plume reached the Indian Ocean 1 week after the eruption. Over the\udReunion Island site (21° S, 55.5° E), the aerosol signal\udwas unambiguously enhanced in comparison with <q>background</q> conditions, with\uda volcanic aerosol layer extending from 18 to 21 km during the May–July\udperiod. All the data reveal an increase by a factor of  ∼  2 in the SAOD\ud(stratospheric aerosol optical depth) with respect to values observed before\udthe eruption. The aerosol mass <i>e</i>-folding time is approximately 90 days, which\udis rather close to the value ( ∼  80 days) reported for the Sarychev\uderuption. Microphysical measurements obtained before, during, and after the\uderuption reflecting the impact of the Calbuco eruption on the lower\udstratospheric aerosol content have been analyzed over the Reunion Island\udsite. During the passage of the plume, the volcanic aerosol was characterized\udby an effective radius of 0.16 ± 0.02 µm with a unimodal size\uddistribution for particles above 0.2 µm in diameter. Particle\udconcentrations for sizes larger than 1 µm are too low to be\udproperly detected by the LOAC OPC. The aerosol number concentration was\ud ∼  20 times higher that observed before and 1 year after the eruption.\udAccording to OMPS and lidar observations, a tendency toward conditions before\udthe eruption was observed by April 2016. The volcanic aerosol plume is\udadvected eastward in the Southern Hemisphere and its latitudinal extent is\udclearly bounded by the subtropical barrier and the polar vortex. The\udtransient behavior of the aerosol layers observed above Reunion Island\udbetween May and July 2015 reflects an inhomogeneous spatio-temporal\uddistribution of the plume, which is controlled by the localization of these\uddynamical barriers

Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption