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A unique 4-week ship cruise from Guadeloupe to Cabo Verde in April–May 2013\udsee part 1, Rittmeister et al. (2017) is used for an in-depth comparison of\uddust profiles observed with a polarization/Raman lidar aboard the German\udresearch vessel <i>Meteor</i> over the remote tropical Atlantic and respective dust\udforecasts of a regional (SKIRON) and two global atmospheric (dust) transport\udmodels (NMMB/BSC-Dust, MACC/CAMS). New options of model–observation\udcomparisons are presented. We analyze how well the modeled fine dust\ud(submicrometer particles) and coarse dust contributions to light extinction\udand mass concentration match respective lidar observations, and to what\udextent models, adjusted to aerosol optical thickness observations, are able\udto reproduce the observed layering and mixing of dust and non-dust (mostly\udmarine) aerosol components over the remote tropical Atlantic. Based on the\udcoherent set of dust profiles at well-defined distances from Africa (without\udany disturbance by anthropogenic aerosol sources over the ocean), we\udinvestigate how accurately the models handle dust removal at distances of\ud1500 km to more than 5000 km west of the Saharan dust source regions. It\udwas found that (a) dust predictions are of acceptable quality for the first\udseveral days after dust emission up to 2000 km west of the African\udcontinent, (b) the removal of dust from the atmosphere is too strong for\udlarge transport paths in the global models, and (c) the simulated\udfine-to-coarse dust ratio (in terms of mass concentration and light\udextinction) is too high in the models compared to the observations. This\uddeviation occurs initially close to the dust sources and then increases with\uddistance from Africa and thus points to an overestimation of fine dust\udemission in the models

Profiling of Saharan dust from the Caribbean to western Africa – Part 2: Shipborne lidar measurements versus forecasts