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Atmospheric gravity waves are a major cause of uncertainty in atmospheregeneral circulation models. This uncertainty affects regional climateprojections and seasonal weather predictions. Improving the representation ofgravity waves in general circulation models is therefore of primary interest.In this regard, measurements providing an accurate 3-D characterization ofgravity waves are needed. Using the Gimballed Limb Observer for RadianceImaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA), the first airborne implementation of anovel infrared limb imaging technique, a gravity wave event over Iceland wasobserved. An air volume disturbed by this gravity wave was investigated fromdifferent angles by encircling the volume with a closed flight pattern. Usinga tomographic retrieval approach, the measurements of this air mass atdifferent angles allowed for a 3-D reconstruction of the temperature andtrace gas structure. The temperature measurements were used to derive gravitywave amplitudes, 3-D wave vectors, and direction-resolved momentum fluxes.These parameters facilitated the backtracing of the waves to their sources onthe southern coast of Iceland. Two wave packets are distinguished, onestemming from the main mountain ridge in the south of Iceland and the otherfrom the smaller mountains in the north. The total area-integrated fluxes ofthese two wave packets are determined. Forward ray tracing reveals that thewaves propagate laterally more than 2000 km away from their sourceregion. A comparison of a 3-D ray-tracing version to solely column-basedpropagation showed that lateral propagation can help the waves to avoidcritical layers and propagate to higher altitudes. Thus, the implementationof oblique gravity wave propagation into general circulation models mayimprove their predictive skills

First tomographic observations of gravity waves by the infrared limb imager GLORIA