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Microbial aerosols (mainly composed of bacterial and fungal cells) mayconstitute up to 74 % of the total aerosol volume. These biologicalaerosols are not only relevant to the dispersion ofpathogens, but they also have geochemical implications. Some bacteria and fungimay, in fact, serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, potentiallyaffecting cloud formation and precipitation and are active at highertemperatures compared to their inorganic counterparts. Simulations of theimpact of microbial aerosols on climate are still hindered by the lack ofinformation regarding their emissions from ground sources. This present worktackles this knowledge gap by (i) applying a rigorous micrometeorologicalapproach to the estimation of microbial net fluxes above a Mediterraneangrassland and (ii) developing a deterministic model (the PLAnET model) toestimate these emissions on the basis of a few meteorological parameters thatare easy to obtain. The grassland is characterized by an abundance ofpositive net microbial fluxes and the model proves to be a promising toolcapable of capturing the day-to-day variability in microbial fluxes with arelatively small bias and sufficient accuracy. PLAnET is still in its infancyand will benefit from future campaigns extending the available trainingdataset as well as the inclusion of ever more complex and critical phenomenatriggering the emission of microbial aerosol (such as rainfall). The modelitself is also adaptable as an emission module for dispersion and chemicaltransport models, allowing further exploration of the impact of land-cover-driven microbial aerosols on the atmosphere and climate

Measurements and modeling of surface–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in Mediterranean grassland