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We evaluate numerical simulations of surface ozone mixing ratios over thesouth Asian region during the pre-monsoon season, employing three differentemission inventories in the Weather Research and Forecasting model withChemistry (WRF-Chem) with the second-generation Regional Acid DepositionModel (RADM2) chemical mechanism: the Emissions Database for GlobalAtmospheric Research – Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (EDGAR-HTAP),the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment phase B (INTEX-B) and theSoutheast Asia Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling Regional Study (SEAC4RS).Evaluation of diurnal variability in modelled ozone compared to observationaldata from 15 monitoring stations across south Asia shows the model ability toreproduce the clean, rural and polluted urban conditions over this region. Incontrast to the diurnal average, the modelled ozone mixing ratios duringnoontime, i.e. hours of intense photochemistry (11:30–16:30 IST –Indian Standard Time – UTC +5:30), are found to differ among the three inventories. This suggests thatevaluations of the modelled ozone limited to 24 h average are insufficientto assess uncertainties associated with ozone buildup. HTAP generally shows10–30 ppbv higher noontime ozone mixing ratios than SEAC4RS andINTEX-B, especially over the north-west Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), centralIndia and southern India. The HTAP simulation repeated with the alternativeModel for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART) chemical mechanismshowed even more strongly enhanced surface ozone mixing ratios due tovertical mixing of enhanced ozone that has been produced aloft. Our studyindicates the need to also evaluate the O<sub>3</sub> precursors acrossa network of stations and the development of high-resolution regionalinventories for the anthropogenic emissions over south Asia accounting foryear-to-year changes to further reduce uncertainties in modelled ozone overthis region

WRF-Chem simulated surface ozone over south Asia during the pre-monsoon: effects of emission inventories and chemical mechanisms