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Multiple year-round records of bulk and size-segregatedcomposition of aerosol were obtained at the inland site of Concordia locatedat Dome C in East Antarctica. In parallel, sampling of acidic gases ondenuder tubes was carried out to quantify the concentrations of HCl andHNO<sub>3</sub> present in the gas phase. These time series are used to examineaerosol present over central Antarctica in terms of chloride depletionrelative to sodium with respect to freshly emitted sea-salt aerosol as wellas depletion of sulfate relative to sodium with respect to the compositionof seawater. A depletion of chloride relative to sodium is observed overmost of the year, reaching a maximum of  ∼ 20 ng m<sup>−3</sup> inspring when there are still large sea-salt amounts and acidic componentsstart to recover. The role of acidic sulfur aerosol and nitric acid inreplacing chloride from sea-salt particles is here discussed. HCl is foundto be around twice more abundant than the amount of chloride lost bysea-salt aerosol, suggesting that either HCl is more efficiently transportedto Concordia than sea-salt aerosol or re-emission from the snow pack over theAntarctic plateau represents an additional significant HCl source. Thesize-segregated composition of aerosol collected in winter (from 2006 to2011) indicates a mean sulfate to sodium ratio of sea-salt aerosol presentover central Antarctica of 0.16 ± 0.05, suggesting that, on average,the sea-ice and open-ocean emissions equally contribute to sea-salt aerosolload of the inland Antarctic atmosphere. The temporal variability of thesulfate depletion relative to sodium was examined at the light of air massbackward trajectories, showing an overall decreasing trend of the ratio(i.e., a stronger sulfate depletion relative to sodium) when air massesarriving at Dome C had traveled a longer time over sea ice than overopen ocean. The findings are shown to be useful to discuss sea-salt icerecords extracted at deep drilling sites located inland Antarctica

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Year-round records of bulk and size-segregated aerosol composition in central Antarctica (Concordia site) – Part 1: Fractionation of sea-salt particles