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Mass-concentration-based particle size distributions measured by ahigh-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer were systematically analyzed toassess long and short-term temporal characteristics of ambient particle sizedistributions sampled at a typical urban environment close to emissionsources and a suburban coastal site representing a regional and localpollution receptor location in Hong Kong. Measured distributions werebimodal and deconvoluted into submodes, which were analyzed for day-to-dayvariations and diurnal variations.  Traffic and cooking emissions at the urban site contributed substantially toparticle mass in both modes, while notable decreases in mass median diameterswere limited to the morning rush hour. Inorganic particle componentsdisplayed varying diurnal behavior, including nocturnal nitrate formation anddaytime photochemical formation evident in both modes. Suburban particle sizedistributions exhibited notable seasonal disparities with differing influenceof local formation, particularly in spring and summer, and transport whichdominated in the fall season leading to notably higher sulfate and organicaccumulation-mode particle concentrations. Variations in particle mixingstate were evaluated by comparison of interspecies mass median diametertrends at both measurement sites. Internal mixing was prevalent in theaccumulation mode in spring at the urban site, while greater frequency oftime periods with external mixing of particle populations comprisingdifferent fractions of organic constituents was observed in summer. At thesuburban site, sulfate and nitrate in the accumulation mode more frequentlyexhibited differing particle size distributions in all seasons, signifying agreater extent of external mixing.  At the urban site, periods of greater submicron inorganic mass concentrationswere more likely to be caused by increases in both Aitken- and accumulation-mode particle mass in summer, while at the suburban receptor location, organicand nitrate Aitken-mode particle mass contributed more regularly to highertotal submicron species mass concentrations in most seasons (spring, summer,and winter)

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Diurnal and day-to-day characteristics of ambient particle mass size distributions from HR-ToF-AMS measurements at an urban site and a suburban site in Hong Kong