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This study aims to characterize the microphysical and opticalproperties of ice crystals and supercooled liquid droplets within low-levelArctic mixed-phase clouds (MPCs). We compiled and analyzed cloud in situmeasurements from four airborne spring campaigns (representing 18 flights and71 vertical profiles in MPCs) over the Greenland and Norwegian seas mainlyin the vicinity of the Svalbard archipelago. Cloud phase discrimination andrepresentative vertical profiles of the number, size, mass and shape of icecrystals and liquid droplets are established. The results show that theliquid phase dominates the upper part of the MPCs. High concentrations (120 cm−3 on average) of small droplets (mean values of15 µm), with an averaged liquid watercontent (LWC) of 0.2 g m−3 are measured at cloud top. The icephase dominates the microphysical properties in the lower part of the cloudand beneath it in the precipitation region (mean values of 100 µm,3 L−1 and 0.025 g m−3 for diameter, particle concentration and ice water content(IWC), respectively). The analysis of the ice crystal morphology shows that themajority of ice particles are irregularly shaped or rimed particles; theprevailing regular habits found are stellars and plates. We hypothesize thatriming and diffusional growth processes, including theWegener–Bergeron–Findeisen (WBF) mechanism, are the main growth mechanismsinvolved in the observed MPCs. The impact of larger-scale meteorologicalconditions on the vertical profiles of MPC properties was also investigated.Large values of LWC and high concentration of smaller droplets are possiblylinked to polluted situations and air mass origins from the south, whichcan lead to very low values of ice crystal size and IWC. On the contrary, cleansituations with low temperatures exhibit larger values of ice crystal sizeand IWC. Several parameterizations relevant for remote sensing or modelingstudies are also determined, such as IWC (and LWC) – extinctionrelationship, ice and liquid integrated water paths, ice concentration andliquid water fraction according to temperature

Vertical distribution of microphysical properties of Arctic springtime low-level mixed-phase clouds over the Greenland and Norwegian seas