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A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate is proposed. Itis derived from the aerosol general dynamic equation in the discrete form andthen converted into an approximately continuous form for analyzing data fromnew particle formation (NPF) field campaigns. The new formula corrects theunderestimation of the coagulation scavenging effect that occurred in thepreviously used formulae. It also clarifies the criteria for determining theupper size bound in measured aerosol size distributions for estimating newparticle formation rate. An NPF fieldcampaign was carried out from 7 March to 7 April 2016 in urban Beijing, and adiethylene glycol scanning mobility particle spectrometer equipped with aminiature cylindrical differential mobility analyzer was used to measureaerosol size distributions down to ∼ 1 nm. Eleven typical NPF eventswere observed during this period. Measured aerosol size distributions from1 nm to 10 µm were used to test the new formula and the formulaewidely used in the literature. The previously used formulae that perform wellin a relatively clean atmosphere in which nucleation intensity is not strongwere found to underestimate the comparatively high new particle formationrate in urban Beijing because of their underestimation or neglect of thecoagulation scavenging effect. The coagulation sink term is the governingcomponent of the estimated formation rate in the observed NPF events inBeijing, and coagulation among newly formed particles contributes a largefraction to the coagulation sink term. Previously reported formation rates inBeijing and in other locations with intense NPF events might beunderestimated because the coagulation scavenging effect was not fullyconsidered; e.g., estimated formation rates of 1.5 nm particles in thiscampaign using the new formula are 1.3–4.3 times those estimated using theformula neglecting coagulation among particles in the nucleation mode

A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate: reevaluating the effect of coagulation scavenging