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Reported sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from US and Canadian sources\udhave declined dramatically since the 1990s as a result of emission control\udmeasures. Observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's\udAura satellite and ground-based in situ measurements are examined to verify\udwhether the observed changes from SO2 abundance measurements\udare quantitatively consistent with the reported changes in emissions. To make\udthis connection, a new method to link SO2 emissions and satellite\udSO2 measurements was developed. The method is based on fitting satellite\udSO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) to a set of functions of OMI pixel\udcoordinates and wind speeds, where each function represents a statistical\udmodel of a plume from a single point source. The concept is first\uddemonstrated using sources in North America and then applied to Europe. The\udcorrelation coefficient between OMI-measured VCDs (with a local bias removed)\udand SO2 VCDs derived here using reported emissions for 1° by\ud1° gridded data is 0.91 and the best-fit line has a slope near\udunity, confirming a very good agreement between observed SO2 VCDs and\udreported emissions. Having demonstrated their consistency, seasonal and\udannual mean SO2 VCD distributions are calculated, based on reported\udpoint-source emissions for the period 1980–2015, as would have been seen by\udOMI. This consistency is further substantiated as the emission-derived VCDs\udalso show a high correlation with annual mean SO2 surface concentrations\udat 50 regional monitoring stations

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Multi-source SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emission retrievals and consistency of satellite and surface measurements with reported emissions