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Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2) are key species in nocturnal tropospheric chemistry and have significant effects on particulate nitrate formation and the following day's photochemistry through chlorine radical production and NOx recycling upon photolysis of ClNO2. To better understand the roles of N2O5 and ClNO2 in the high-aerosol-loading environment of northern China, an intensive field\udstudy was carried out at a high-altitude site (Mt. Tai, 1465 m a.s.l.) in\udthe North China Plain (NCP) during the summer of 2014. Elevated ClNO2\udplumes were frequently observed in the nocturnal residual layer with a\udmaximum mixing ratio of 2.1 ppbv (1 min), whilst N2O5 was\udtypically present at very low levels (< 30 pptv), indicating fast\udheterogeneous N2O5 hydrolysis. Combined analyses of chemical characteristics and backward trajectories indicated that the ClNO2-laden air was caused by the transport of NOx-rich plumes from the coal-fired industry and power plants in the NCP. The heterogeneous N2O5 uptake coefficient (γ) and ClNO2 yield (ϕ) were estimated from steady-state analysis and observed growth rate of ClNO2. The derived γ and ϕ exhibited high variability, with means of 0.061 ± 0.025 and 0.28 ± 0.24, respectively. These values are higher than those derived from previous laboratory and field studies in other regions and cannot be well characterized by model parameterizations. Fast heterogeneous N2O5 reactions dominated the nocturnal NOx loss\udin the residual layer over this region and contributed to substantial\udnitrate formation of up to 17 µg m−3. The estimated nocturnal\udnitrate formation rates ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 µg m−3 h−1 in various plumes, with a mean of 2.2\ud ± 1.4 µg m−3 h−1. The results demonstrate the\udsignificance of heterogeneous N2O5 reactivity and chlorine\udactivation in the NCP, and their unique and universal roles in fine aerosol\udformation and NOx transformation, and thus their potential impacts on regional haze pollution in northern China

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Fast heterogeneous N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; uptake and ClNO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; production in power plant and industrial plumes observed in the nocturnal residual layer over the North China Plain