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Chemical models must correctly calculate the ozone formation rate,P(O3), to accurately predict ozone levels and to test mitigationstrategies. However, air quality models can have large uncertainties inP(O3) calculations, which can create uncertainties in ozone forecasts,especially during the summertime when P(O3) is high. One way to testmechanisms is to compare modeled P(O3) to direct measurements. Duringsummer 2014, the Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor (MOPS) directlymeasured net P(O3) in Golden, CO, approximately 25 km west of Denveralong the Colorado Front Range. Net P(O3) was compared to ratescalculated by a photochemical box model that was constrained by measurementsof other chemical species and that used a lumped chemical mechanism and amore explicit one. Median observed P(O3) was up to a factor of 2higher than that modeled during early morning hours when nitric oxide (NO)levels were high and was similar to modeled P(O3) for the rest of the day. Whileall interferences and offsets in this new method are not fully understood,simulations of these possible uncertainties cannot explain the observedP(O3) behavior. Modeled and measured P(O3) and peroxy radical(HO2 and RO2) discrepancies observed here are similar to thosepresented in prior studies. While a missing atmospheric organic peroxyradical source from volatile organic compounds co-emitted with NO could beone plausible solution to the P(O3) discrepancy, such a source has notbeen identified and does not fully explain the peroxy radical model–datamismatch. If the MOPS accurately depicts atmospheric P(O3), then theseresults would imply that P(O3) in Golden, CO, would be NOx-sensitivefor more of the day than what is calculated by models, extending theNOx-sensitive P(O3) regime from the afternoon further into themorning. These results could affect ozone reduction strategies for the regionsurrounding Golden and possibly other areas that do not comply withnational ozone regulations. Thus, it is important to continue the developmentof this direct ozone measurement technique to understand P(O3),especially under high-NOx regimes

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; levels in the Colorado Front Range