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Ship-based measurements of aerosol and cloud condensationnuclei (CCN) properties are presented for 2 weeks of observations inremote marine regions of the South China Sea/East Sea during thesouthwestern monsoon (SWM) season. Smoke from extensive biomass burningthroughout the Maritime Continent advected into this region during the SWM,where it was mixed with anthropogenic continental pollution and emissionsfrom heavy shipping activities. Eight aerosol types were identified using ak-means cluster analysis with data from a size-resolved CCN characterizationsystem. Interpretation of the clusters was supplemented by additionalonboard aerosol and meteorological measurements, satellite, and modelproducts for the region. A typical bimodal marine boundary layer backgroundaerosol population was identified and observed mixing with accumulation modeaerosol from other sources, primarily smoke from fires in Borneo andSumatra. Hygroscopicity was assessed using the <i>κ</i> parameter and wasfound to average 0.40 for samples dominated by aged accumulation modesmoke; 0.65 for accumulation mode marine aerosol; 0.60 in an anthropogenicaerosol plume; and 0.22 during a short period that was characterized byelevated levels of volatile organic compounds not associated with biomassburning impacts. As a special subset of the background marine aerosol, cleanair masses substantially scrubbed of particles were observed following heavyprecipitation or the passage of squall lines, with changes in observedaerosol properties occurring on the order of minutes. Average CN numberconcentrations, size distributions, and <i>κ</i> values are reported foreach population type, along with CCN number concentrations for particlesthat activated at supersaturations between 0.14  and 0.85 %

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Size-resolved aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties in the remote marine South China Sea – Part 1: Observations and source classification