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A suite of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs –acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, butanal and butanone) were measuredconcurrently in the surface water and atmosphere of the South China Sea andSulu Sea in November 2011. A strong correlation was observed between all OVOCconcentrations in the surface seawater along the entire cruise track, exceptfor acetaldehyde, suggesting similar sources and sinks in the surface ocean.Additionally, several phytoplankton groups, such as haptophytes orpelagophytes, were also correlated to all OVOCs, indicating that phytoplanktonmay be an important source of marine OVOCs in the South China and Sulu seas.Humic- and protein-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) componentsseemed to be additional precursors for butanone and acetaldehyde. Themeasurement-inferred OVOC fluxes generally showed an uptake of atmosphericOVOCs by the ocean for all gases, except for butanal. A few importantexceptions were found along the Borneo coast, where OVOC fluxes from theocean to the atmosphere were inferred. The atmospheric OVOC mixing ratiosover the northern coast of Borneo were relatively high compared withliterature values, suggesting that this coastal region is a local hotspot foratmospheric OVOCs. The calculated amount of OVOCs entrained into the oceanseemed to be an important source of OVOCs to the surface ocean. When thefluxes were out of the ocean, marine OVOCs were found to be enough to controlthe locally measured OVOC distribution in the atmosphere. Based on our modelcalculations, at least 0.4 ppb of marine-derived acetone and butanone canreach the upper troposphere, where they may have an important influence onhydrogen oxide radical formation over the western Pacific Ocean

Oxygenated volatile organic carbon in the western Pacific convective center: ocean cycling, air–sea gas exchange and atmospheric transport