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The effect of terrain heterogeneities in one-point measurements is a\udcontinuous subject of discussion. Here we focus on the order of magnitude of\udthe advection term in the equation of the evolution of temperature as\udgenerated by documented terrain heterogeneities and we estimate its\udimportance as a term in the surface energy budget (SEB), for which the\udturbulent fluxes are computed using the eddy-correlation method. The\udheterogeneities are estimated from satellite and model fields for scales near\ud1 km or broader, while the smaller scales are estimated through direct\udmeasurements with remotely piloted aircraft and thermal cameras and also by\udhigh-resolution modelling. The variability of the surface temperature fields\udis not found to decrease clearly with increasing resolution, and consequently\udthe advection term becomes more important as the scales become finer. The\udadvection term provides non-significant values to the SEB at scales larger\udthan a few kilometres. In contrast, surface heterogeneities at the metre\udscale yield large values of the advection, which are probably only\udsignificant in the first centimetres above the ground. The motions that seem\udto contribute significantly to the advection term in the SEB equation in our\udcase are roughly those around the hectometre scales

Estimation of the advection effects induced by surface heterogeneities in the surface energy budget