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We simulated the time evolution of atmospheric clusterconcentrations in a one-component system where not only do clusters grow bycondensation of monomers, but  cluster–cluster collisions alsosignificantly contribute to the growth of the clusters. Our aim was toinvestigate the consistency of the growth rates of sub-3 nm clustersdetermined with different methods and the validity of the common approach touse them to estimate particle formation rates. We compared the growth ratecorresponding to particle fluxes (FGR), the growth rate derived from theappearance times of clusters (AGR), and the growth rate calculated based onirreversible vapor condensation (CGR). We found that the relation betweenthe different growth rates depends strongly on the external conditions andthe properties of the model substance. The difference between the differentgrowth rates was typically highest at the smallest, sub-2 nm sizes. FGR wasgenerally lower than AGR and CGR; at the smallest sizes the difference wasoften very large, while at sizes larger than 2 nm the growth rates werecloser to each other. AGR and CGR were in most cases close to each other atall sizes. The difference between the growth rates was generally lower inconditions where cluster concentrations were high, and evaporation and otherlosses were thus less significant. Furthermore, our results show that theconventional method used to determine particle formation rates from growthrates may give estimates far from the true values. Thus, care must be takennot only in how the growth rate is determined but also in how it is applied

Growth of atmospheric clusters involving cluster–cluster collisions: comparison of different growth rate methods