English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Ammonia (NH3) can interact in the atmosphere with other trace chemicalspecies, which can lead to detrimental environmental consequences, such asthe formation of fine particulates and ultimately global climate change.China is a major agricultural country, and livestock numbers and nitrogenfertilizer use have increased drastically since 1978, following the rapideconomic and industrial development experienced by the country. In thisstudy, comprehensive NH3 emissions inventories were compiled for Chinafor 1980–2012. In a previous study, we parameterized emissions factors(EFs) considering ambient temperature, soil acidity, and the method and rateof fertilizer application. In this study, we refined these EFs by adding theeffects of wind speed and new data from field experiments of NH3 fluxin cropland in northern China. We found that total NH3 emissions inChina increased from 5.9 to 11.1 Tg from 1980 to 1996, and then decreased to9.7 Tg in 2012. The two major contributors were livestock manure andsynthetic fertilizer application, which contributed 80–90 % of the totalemissions. Emissions from livestock manure rose from 2.86 Tg (1980) to 6.16 Tg (2005), and then decreased to 5.0 Tg (2012); beef cattle were the largestsource followed by laying hens and pigs. The remarkable downward trend inlivestock emissions that occurred in 2007 was attributed to a decrease inthe numbers of various livestock animals, including beef cattle, goats, andsheep. Meanwhile, emissions from synthetic fertilizer ranged from 2.1 Tg(1980) to 4.7 Tg (1996), and then declined to 2.8 Tg (2012). Urea andammonium bicarbonate (ABC) dominated this category of emissions, and adecline in ABC application led to the decrease in emissions that took placefrom the mid-1990s onwards. High emissions were concentrated in eastern andsouthwestern China. Seasonally, peak NH3 emissions occurred in springand summer. The inventories had a monthly temporal resolution and a spatialresolution of 1000 m, and thus are suitable for global and regionalair-quality modeling

High-resolution ammonia emissions inventories in China from 1980 to 2012