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Traditional land management (no tillage, no drainage, NTND) during the winterfallow season results in substantial CH4 and N2O emissions fromdouble-rice fields in China. A field experiment was conducted to investigatethe effects of drainage and tillage during the winter fallow season onCH4 and N2O emissions and to develop mitigation options. Theexperiment had four treatments: NTND, NTD (drainage but no tillage), TND(tillage but no drainage), and TD (both drainage and tillage). The study wasconducted from 2010 to 2014 in a Chinese double-rice field. During winter,total precipitation and mean daily temperature significantly affectedCH4 emission. Compared to NTND, drainage and tillage decreased annualCH4 emissions in early- and late-rice seasons by 54 and33 kg CH4 ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Drainage and tillageincreased N2O emissions in the winter fallow season but reduced it inearly- and late-rice seasons, resulting in no annual change in N2Oemission. Global warming potentials of CH4 and N2O emissions weredecreased by 1.49 and 0.92 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1,respectively, and were reduced more by combining drainage with tillage,providing a mitigation potential of1.96 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1. A low total C content and highC / N ratio in rice residues showed that tillage in the winter fallowseason reduced CH4 and N2O emissions in both early- and late-riceseasons. Drainage and tillage significantly decreased the abundance ofmethanogens in paddy soil, and this may explain the decrease of CH4emissions. Greenhouse gas intensity was significantly decreased by drainageand tillage separately, and the reduction was greater by combining drainagewith tillage, resulting in a reduction of 0.17 t CO2 eq. t−1. Theresults indicate that drainage combined with tillage during the winter fallowseason is an effective strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas releases fromdouble-rice fields

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Drainage and tillage practices in the winter fallow season mitigate CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O emissions from a double-rice field in China