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This study investigates the representativeness of two types of orbitalsampling applied to stratospheric temperature and trace gas fields. Modelfields are sampled using real sampling patterns from the Aura Microwave LimbSounder (MLS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the AtmosphericChemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The MLSsampling acts as a proxy for a dense uniform sampling pattern typical of limbemission sounders, while HALOE and ACE-FTS represent coarse nonuniformsampling patterns characteristic of solar occultation instruments. First,this study revisits the impact of sampling patterns in terms of the samplingbias, as previous studies have done. Then, it quantifies the impact ofdifferent sampling patterns on the estimation of trends and their associateddetectability. In general, we find that coarse nonuniform sampling patternsmay introduce non-negligible errors in the inferred magnitude of temperatureand trace gas trends and necessitate considerably longer records for theirdefinitive detection. Lastly, we explore the impact of these samplingpatterns on tropical vertical velocities derived from stratospheric watervapor measurements. We find that coarse nonuniform sampling may lead to abiased depiction of the tropical vertical velocities and, hence, to a biasedestimation of the impact of the mechanisms that modulate these velocities.These case studies suggest that dense uniform sampling such as that availablefrom limb emission sounders provides much greater fidelity in detectingsignals of stratospheric change (for example, fingerprints of greenhouse gaswarming and stratospheric ozone recovery) than coarse nonuniform samplingsuch as that of solar occultation instruments

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Case studies of the impact of orbital sampling on stratospheric trend detection and derivation of tropical vertical velocities: solar occultation vs. limb emission sounding