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A study was carried out to understand the contributions of soil biogenic NOemissions from managed (fertilized and irrigated) hyperarid ecosystems inNW China to the regional NOx emissions during the growing season. Soilbiogenic net potential NO fluxes were quantified by laboratory incubation ofsoil samples from the three dominating ecosystems (desert, cotton, and grapefields). Regional biogenic NO emissions were calculated bottom-up hourly forthe entire growing season (April–September 2010) by consideringcorresponding land use, hourly data of soil temperature, gravimetric soilmoisture, and fertilizer enhancement factors. The regional HONO emissionswere estimated using the ratio of the optimum condition((FN,opt(HONO) to FN,opt (NO)). Regional anthropogenic NOx emissions were calculated bottom-up fromannual statistical data provided by regional and local government bureauswhich have been downscaled to monthly value. Regional top-down emissionestimates of NOx were derived on the monthly basis from satelliteobservations (OMI) of tropospheric vertical NO2 column densities andprescribed values of the tropospheric NOx lifetime. In order to comparethe top-down and bottom-up emission estimates, all emission estimates wereexpressed in terms of mass of atomic nitrogen. Consequently, monthlytop-down NOx emissions (total) were compared with monthly bottom-upNOx emissions (biogenic + anthropogenic) for the time of thesatellite overpass (around 13:00 LT) with the consideration of the diurnalcycle of bottom-up estimates. Annual variation in total Tohsun OasisNOx emissions is characterized by a strong peak in winter(December–February) and a secondary peak in summer (June–August). Duringsummer, soil biogenic emissions were from equal to double that of relatedanthropogenic emissions, and grape soils were the main contributor to soilbiogenic emissions, followed by cotton soils, while emissions from the desertwere negligible. The top-down and bottom-up emission estimates were shown tobe useful methods to estimate the monthly/seasonal cycle of the totalregional NOx emissions. The resulting total NOx emissions show astrong peak in winter and a secondary peak in summer, and the second maximumin summer was only found if the soil emissions were taken into account,which provides confidence in both completely independent methods. Despitethe regional character of these findings, particularly the second maximum insummer provides substantial evidence to hypothesize that biogenic emissionsfrom soils of managed drylands (irrigated and fertilized) in the growingperiod may be much more important contributors to regional NOx budgetsof dryland regions than thought before

atmospheric chemistry and physics

The contribution of soil biogenic NO and HONO emissions from a managed hyperarid ecosystem to the regional NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions during growing season