English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In this study we use a high-quality data set of in situ ozone measurements ata suburban site called Mohali in the state of Punjab to estimate ozone-related crop yield losses for wheat, rice, cotton and maize for Punjab andthe neighbouring state Haryana for the years 2011–2013. We intercomparecrop yield loss estimates according to different exposure metrics, such asAOT40 (accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40) and M7 (mean 7-hour ozone mixing ratio from 09:00 to 15:59), for the two major crop growing seasons of kharif (June–October)and rabi (November–April) and establish a new crop-yield–exposurerelationship for southern Asian wheat, maize and rice cultivars. These area factor of 2 more sensitive to ozone-induced crop yield losses compared totheir European and American counterparts.  Relative yield losses based on the AOT40 metrics ranged from 27 to 41 % forwheat, 21 to 26 % for rice, 3 to 5 % for maize and 47 to 58 % for cotton.Crop production losses for wheat amounted to 20.8 ± 10.4 million t inthe fiscal year of 2012–2013 and 10.3 ± 4.7 million t in the fiscal year of 2013–2014for Punjab and Haryana taken together. Crop production losses for rice totalled5.4 ± 1.2 million t in the fiscal year of 2012–2013 and 3.2 ± 0.8 million tin the year 2013–2014 for Punjab and Haryana taken together. The Indian National FoodSecurity Ordinance entitles ~ 820 million of India's poor to purchaseabout 60 kg of rice or wheat per person annually at subsidized rates. Thescheme requires 27.6 Mt of wheat and 33.6 Mt of rice per year. The mitigationof ozone-related crop production losses in Punjab and Haryana alone couldprovide > 50 % of the wheat and ~ 10 % of the rice required for the scheme.  The total economic cost losses in Punjab and Haryana amounted toUSD 6.5 ± 2.2 billion in the fiscal year of 2012–2013 andUSD 3.7 ± 1.2 billion in the fiscal year of 2013–2014. This economic lossestimate represents a very conservative lower limit based on the minimumsupport price of the crop, which is lower than the actual production costs.The upper limit for ozone-related crop yield losses in all of India currentlyamounts to 3.5–20 % of India's GDP.  The mitigation of high surface ozone would require relatively little investmentin comparison to the economic losses incurred presently. Therefore, ozonemitigation can yield massive benefits in terms of ensuring food security andboosting the economy. The co-benefits of ozone mitigation also include a decreasein the ozone-related mortality and morbidity and a reduction of the ozone-induced warming in the lower troposphere

Assessment of crop yield losses in Punjab and Haryana using 2 years of continuous in situ ozone measurements