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The formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) combined with the  partitioning of semivolatile organic components can impact numerous  aerosol properties including cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)  activity, hygroscopicity, and volatility. During the summer 2013  Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign in a rural  site in the southeastern United States, a suite of instruments  including a CCN counter, a thermodenuder (TD), and a high-resolution  time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were used to measure  CCN activity, aerosol volatility, composition, and oxidation  state. Particles were either sampled directly from ambient or  through a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS), allowing the  investigation of the water-soluble aerosol component. Ambient  aerosols exhibited size-dependent composition with larger particles  being more hygroscopic. The hygroscopicity of thermally denuded  aerosols was similar between ambient and PILS-generated aerosols and  showed limited dependence on volatilization. Results of AMS three-factor  positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis for the PILS-generated  aerosols  showed that the most hygroscopic components are most likely the most  and the least volatile features of the aerosols. No clear  relationship was found between organic hygroscopicity and the  oxygen-to-carbon ratio; in fact, isoprene-derived organic aerosols  (isoprene-OAs) were found to be the most hygroscopic factor, while at  the same time being the least oxidized and likely most volatile of  all PMF factors. Considering the diurnal variation of each PMF  factor and its associated hygroscopicity, isoprene-OA and more-oxidized oxygenated organic aerosols are the prime  contributors to hygroscopicity and co-vary with less-oxidized oxygenated organic aerosols in a way that induces the observed  diurnal invariance in total organic hygroscopicity. Biomass burning  organic aerosols contributed little to aerosol  hygroscopicity, which is expected since there was little biomass  burning activity during the sampling period examined

On the link between hygroscopicity, volatility, and oxidation state of ambient and water-soluble aerosols in the southeastern United States