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Long-term measurements of aerosol optical depths (AODs) at 440 nm and Ångströmexponents (AE) between 440 and 870 nm made for CARSNET were compiled into aclimatology of aerosol optical properties for China. Quality-assured monthlymean AODs are presented for 50 sites representing remote, rural, and urbanareas. AODs were 0.14, 0.34, 0.42, 0.54, and 0.74 at remote stations,rural/desert regions, the Loess Plateau, central and eastern China, andurban sites, respectively, and the corresponding AE values were 0.97, 0.55,0.82, 1.19, and 1.05. AODs increased from north to south, with low values(< 0.20) over the Tibetan Plateau and northwestern China and highAODs (> 0.60) in central and eastern China where industrialemissions and anthropogenic activities were likely sources. AODs were0.20–0.40 in semi-arid and arid regions and some background areas innorthern and northeastern China. AEs were > 1.20 over the southern reaches ofthe Yangtze River and at clean sites in northeastern China. In thenorthwestern deserts and industrial parts of northeast China, AEs were lower(< 0.80) compared with central and eastern regions. Dust events inspring, hygroscopic particle growth during summer, and biomass burningcontribute the high AODs, especially in northern and eastern China. The AODsshow decreasing trends from 2006 to 2009 but increased ~ 0.03per year from 2009 to 2013

Ground-based aerosol climatology of China: aerosol optical depths from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) 2002–2013