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We present the records of the two nitrogen species nitrate (NO 3 ) and ammonium (NH C ) analysed in a new ice core from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, in the Eurasian Arctic covering the period 1222-2009. Changes in melt at the Lomonosovfonna glacier are assumed to have a neg- ligible effect on the decadal variations of the investigated compounds. Accordingly, we use decadal records to inves- tigate the major emission sources of NO 3 and NH C precur- sors and find that during the twentieth century both records are influenced by anthropogenic pollution from Eurasia. In pre-industrial times NO 3 is highly correlated with methane sulfonate (MSA), which we explain by a fertilising effect. We propose that enhanced atmospheric NO 3 concentrations and the corresponding nitrogen input to the ocean trigger the growth of dimethyl-sulfide-(DMS)-producing phytoplank- ton. Increased DMS production results in elevated fluxes to the atmosphere where it is oxidised to MSA. Eurasia was pre- sumably the main source area also of pre-industrial NO 3 , but a more exact source apportionment could not be performed based on our data. This is different for NH C , where biogenic ammonia (NH3) emissions from Siberian boreal forests were identified as the dominant source of pre-industrial NH C.

800-year ice-core record of nitrogen deposition in Svalbard linked to ocean productivity and biogenic emissions